Cytotoxicity of 4 Wild Mushrooms in a Case of Yunnan Sudden Unexplained Death / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the cytotoxicity of four wild mushrooms involved in a case of Yunnan sudden unexplained death (YNSUD), to provide the experimental basis for prevention and treatment of YNSUD.@*METHODS@#Four kinds of wild mushrooms that were eaten by family members in this YNSUD incident were collected and identified by expert identification and gene sequencing. Raw extracts from four wild mushrooms were extracted by ultrasonic extraction to intervene HEK293 cells, and the mushrooms with obvious cytotoxicity were screened by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The selected wild mushrooms were prepared into three kinds of extracts, which were raw, boiled, and boiled followed by enzymolysis. HEK293 cells were intervened with these three extracts at different concentrations. The cytotoxicity was detected by CCK-8 combined with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Assay Kit, and the morphological changes of HEK293 cells were observed under an inverted phase contrast microscope.@*RESULTS@#Species identification indicated that the four wild mushrooms were Butyriboletus roseoflavus, Boletus edulis, Russula virescens and Amanita manginiana. Cytotoxicity was found only in Amanita manginiana. The raw extracts showed cytotoxicity at the mass concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, while the boiled extracts and the boiled followed by enzymolysis extracts showed obvious cytotoxicity at the mass concentration of 0.4 mg/mL and 0.7 mg/mL, respectively. In addition to the obvious decrease in the number of HEK293 cells, the number of synapses increased and the refraction of HEK293 cells was poor after the intervention of Amanita manginiana extracts.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The extracts of Amanita manginiana involved in this YNSUD case has obvious cytotoxicity, and some of its toxicity can be reduced by boiled and enzymolysis, but cannot be completely detoxicated. Therefore, the consumption of Amanita manginiana is potentially dangerous, and it may be one of the causes of the YNSUD.

Analysis of clinical features and treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To explore the clinical features and treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted. From January 2012 to July 2021, 25 patients with PG who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to Beijing Fucheng Hospital, including 16 males and 9 females, with the age of onset of disease being 14 to 75 years. Among them, the classification of PG identified 17 cases of ulcerative type, 6 cases of pustular type, 1 case of proliferative type, and 1 case of bullous type. Six patients were accompanied with systemic diseases, while 19 patients were not accompanied with systemic diseases. At the same time of systemic treatment with glucocorticoids, dressing changes or surgical skin grafting was performed on the wounds. The results of laboratory and histopathological examinations, the overall curative effects and follow-up of patients, the wound healing time of patients with negative and positive microbial culture results of wound secretion specimens, and the curative effects of patients with and without systemic diseases were analyzed. Results: The results of blood routine examination of 19 patients were abnormal, and all the immunological indexes were normal in all the patients; the microbial culture results of wound secretion specimens were positive in 14 patients; and the histopathological examination results of ulcer boundary tissue in 15 patients with rapid wound progress were mainly local tissue inflammatory changes. The wounds were cured in 17 patients, mostly healed in 7 patients, and not healed in 1 patient. After one-year's follow-up, the PG in 3 patients relapsed due to self-discontinuation of medication after discharge, and the wounds were healed gradually after adjustment of medication, while the remaining patients had no relapse. The days of wound healing in 14 patients with positive microbial culture results of wound secretion specimens were 21-55 days, and the days of wound healing in 11 patients with negative microbial culture results in wound secretion specimens were 20-54 days. In the 6 patients with systemic diseases, the wounds of 3 patients were cured, and the wounds of the other 3 patients were mostly healed. In the 19 patients without systemic diseases, the wounds of 14 patients were cured, the wounds of 4 patients were mostly healed, and the wound of 1 patient was not healed. Conclusions: The laboratory examination and pathological manifestations of patients with PG lacks characteristics, and their clinical manifestations are rich and diverse, thus PG can be easily misdiagnosed. The glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressive therapy have good effects on PG. Surgical intervention can be performed on the wounds. Specifically, excessive debridement is not recommended in the acute phase, but skin grafting can be performed in the contraction phase.

Study on flavanols from Glochidion hirsutum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the flavanols from Glochidion hirsutum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The column chromatographic methods were employed for the isolation and purification of the chemical constituents. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Five flavanols were isolated and identified as 3-O-(3-methylgalloyl) catechin (1), 3-O-( 3-methylgalloyl) gallocatechin (2), 3-O-galloylgallocatechin (3), gallocatechin (4), catechin (5).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 1 is a new compound. The other four compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.</p>

The chemical constituents of Breynia rostrata / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the chemical constituents of Breynia rostrata Merr.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Chromatography was used to isolate and purify the chemical constituents, their structures were identified by spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four glycosides were identified as 6-O-methylpropanoyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (1), 4"-phenolic-6-O-methylpropanoyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), arbutin (4).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds; 3 and 4 were isolated from Breynia rostrata Merr. for the first time.</p>

Studies on the chemical constituents of Knoxia corymbosa / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the chemical constituents of Knoxia corymbosa Willd.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Chromatography was used to isolate and purify the chemical constituents, their structures were identified by spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four flavonol glycosides were identified as quercetin-7-O-alpha-L-arabinosyl-3-O-beta-D-6"-acetylglucopyranoside (1), kaempferol-7-O-alpha-L-arabinosyl-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-6"-acetylglucopyranoside (4).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 1 is a new flavonol glycoside. The other flavonol glycosides were isolated from Knoxia corymbosa Willd for the first time.</p>

Studies on chemical constituents from the stems of Schisandra sphaerandra / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents from the stems of Schisandra sphaerandra.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Compounds were isolated from ethanolic extract of the titled herb by silica gel column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by physical and chemical evidences and spectroscopic analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>12 compounds were obtained and identified as wuweizisu C (1), ganwuweizic acid (2), nigranoic acid (3), catechin (4), 2 alpha,24-dihytroxyursolic acid. (5), 3 beta-O-acetylursolic acid (6), ursolic acid (7), slyceryl 26-hydroxyhexacosanoate (8), slyceryl hexacosanoate (9), fat acids (10), beta-sitosterol (11), daucosterol (12), respectirely.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Three pentacyclic triterpene carboxylic acid (5-7) were isolated from Schisandreae for the first time.</p>